Dantb

Tuberculosis, commonly referred to as TB, is an infection that affects the lungs and may also affect bones, joints, the circulatory system and central nervous system. This disease can be highly contagious if left untreated. In 1993, the World Health Organization declared TB to be a world health emergency because of the frequency of infection and the ease in which it spreads. It is estimated that nine billion new cases are reported each year. As with any disease, it is better to ensure prevention. TB vaccinations are common and highly effective, especially in children. TB vaccinations are very common in the United States as well as other countries. Although a higher percent of children are...

A bacterium known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the bacterial infection called tuberculosis. In the past this disease was greatly feared, as there was no cure for it. But antibiotics were developed in the 1950s and it was predicted that the disease would be eradicated as the number of cases continued to drop. Then with the spread of HIV and AIDS, tuberculosis again became a problem. However, due to aggressive public health efforts in the United States, it is not a major health problem. This is not true of third world countries. In these countries TB continues to be one of the leading causes of death. TB is very contagious and is spread when an infected person coughs. The bacteria travel from...

Scientists discovered years ago tubercles in mummified bodies, this proving that TB has existed at least since 2000BC. Also, writings of the ancient Egypt, Babylonia and China mention about the existence of TB. Tuberculosis was named after the Latin word tubercula, first in 1839. tubercula means a small lump, referring to the scars that appear on the infected person's skin. In the 19th century, tuberculosis reappeared as a pandemic in Europe and US, determining people to research for the causes and possible treatment for TB. Gaspard Bayle, a French physician described the lesions caused by TB in 900 autopsies. The evolution of TB from the first tubercle to the final stages was described by Ren...

1. What kind of disease is tuberculosis? Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a bacterium which affects mostly the lungs but can affect the bones, kidney, and other organs too. 2. How can the doctor know when a patient has tuberculosis? Most of the doctors follow a procedure based on several tests. At first they perform a PPD skin test, and if this test is positive there is a chance for you to have been infected with tuberculosis. Then a thoracic X-ray is done along with a physical exam to check out whether you are contagious or not. Most of the people are PPD positive but this does not mean they are contagious. 3. PPD positive means I am sick? Normally PPD positive persons are not sick with...

Tuberculosis is a germ infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect kidneys, lymph nodes, spine, intestinal tract and brain. Tuberculosis is spreading by air, if an infected person coughs sneezes or shouts, the germs spreading into the air. By inhaling them other people get infected. At the thoracic X-ray appear granulomas (granular tumors) in the lungs. Most people’s immune system contains the primary infection, but some do not have this particularity, and so, the disease may occur within weeks after the primary infection. Some people shed the TB germ into their lungs for years and at some moment the germs could activate and the...

If the tuberculosis bacilli lie dormant in the body, a person does not get the symptoms of the disease and he cannot spread it to others. However, once the bacilli get active, the symptoms begin to appear and at this point the person is infectious and can spread the disease to others. Overview of the Symptoms of Tuberculosis: The most common organ to be infected by tuberculosis bacilli are the lungs. The symptoms begin gradually and most people do not notice them because they are mild. The most common symptoms of tuberculosis of the lungs are as follows:o Fevero Chillso Night sweatso Cough with thick sputum, which can sometimes be bloodyo Fatigueo Weaknesso Loss of appetiteo Loss of weight for no...

Tuberculosis is known to exist even before the year 2000BC, and writings from Egypt and Babylon mention it. Even the in the Greek literature there can be found information about phthisis and local doctors considered this disease to be very dangerous for citizens. In the seventh century doctors began to study more about tuberculosis and exact facts about this disease began to appear in books. In 1679 Sylvius wrote about the tubercles that appear in the patient's lungs and about how they transform into abscesses and cavities. In 1702 Manget brought information about the military tuberculosis, describing its pathological features. In 1699 in Italy the authorities decided that the objects that wound...

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis present even in mummies lasting from over 3000 years ago. Hippocrates called it “phthisis” meaning consumption and explained it is a very common and almost in all cases deadly condition. Hippocrates even dared to warn his physician colleagues not to visit patients in last stages of Tuberculosis as it might harm their reputation. Sylvius described in his writings the injuries caused by Mycobacterium in the lungs and other organs, as well as their evolution to cavities and abscesses. 1702 Manget described the ethiopathogenesis of milliary Tuberculosis. Italian documents informed the population of the danger that lies in not burning...

> Many believe that tuberculosis (TB) is a disease of the past. However, tuberculosis is still the leading killer of young adults worldwide. This makes tuberculosis hardly a disease of the past. In fact, tuberculosis has emerged once again as a serious public health dilemma in the U.S. Despite advances in treatments available, tuberculosis (TB) still remains a global pandemic. One third the human population is currently infected with tuberculosis. What is tuberculosis?The disease tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis can affect any part of the body but usually infects the lungs. Tuberculosis is spread through airborne droplets...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection caused by a germ called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the body. TB spreads through the air when a person with TB of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes or talks. If you have been exposed, you should go to your doctor for tests. You are more likely to get TB if you have a weak immune system. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or Tuberculosis) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis most commonly attacks the lungs (as pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system, the lymphatic...

Mycobacteria are abundant in soil and water but are more infamous for the diseases that they can cause. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is perhaps the most well known member of the group and is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis. However, there are other species of mycobacteria, for example Mycobacterium leprae causes leprosy, Mycobacterium bovis causes tuberculosis in cattle, Mycobacterium avium causes disease in immunocompromised people, Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a strain of Mycobacterium bovis used as a vaccine and Mycobacterium smegmatis is a non-pathogenic species used in laboratory research. (Reference: Mycobacterium: Genomics and Molecular Biology ISBN: 978...

losis (TB) is the number one infections disease killer worldwide. The World Health Care Organization estimates that 2 billion people have latent TB, while another 3 million people worldwide die each year due to TB. On average, the isoniazid (INH) resistance rate is approximately 10% and the rifampin resistance rate is approximately 1%, with lower numbers in countries with good TB programs and higher numbers in the countries with poor TB programs. Humans are the only known reservoir for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei, which may contain fewer than 10 bacilli. Exposure to TB occurs by sharing common airspace with a patient who is infectious. When inhaled...

losis, a bacterial infection, most commonly affects the lungs. Tuberculosis can also affect the central nervous system, lymphatic system, circulatory system, genitourinary system, bones and joints. Often Called TB for short, tuberculosis is the most common major infectious disease today. With that title the virus is infecting two billion people which is approximately one-third of the world's population. Nine million new cases of active disease annually, resulting in two million deaths. Most of these cases and deaths are in developing countries. Ninenty percent of those that are infected have asymptomatic latent TB infection (LTBI). This is alot of numbers: There is a ten percent chance that in the...

> Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus) is a life-threatening infection caused by a bacterium named mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a highly contagious disease that affects mostly the lungs but can affect the kidney, bones, and other organs too. Read this article to find some simple and useful home remedies for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a life-threatening infection caused by a bacterium named Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. It is a highly contagious disease that is transmitted during coughing and sneezing. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus) affects mostly the lungs but can affect the kidney, bones, and other organs too. Reductions...

Although antibiotics had been discovered a few years before, sulfonamide and penicillin proved no effect on the bacteria causing Tuberculosis. After years of research In California about soil fungus, in 1039 Waksman isolated the fungus Actynomices that was able to inhibit the development of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. But the chemo was to dangerous toxic and could not be used in treating Tuberculosis. In 1943streptomycin was found inside Streptomyces griseus and it was proven to totally inhibit the bacterial strains. In 1944 it was administered to a Tuberculosis patient that immediately improved. Although streptomycin causes side effects like damages to the inner ear, it was for a few years the best...

According to scientific studies, three million people die from Tuberculosis every year. A number of around eight million new discovered Tuberculosis conditions appear per year and 95% is estimated to be in developing areas. Countries like those in South America, Africa or Asia have the highest susceptibility to Tuberculosis due to the low living standards and the bad economic and social conditions. Although the risk of Tuberculosis infection has decreased in the 1980', in the 1990' it already began to arise because of the high rate of immigration from countries with increased number of cases. Immigrant communities all difficult to observe, control or treat, because of the many differences between...

Tuberculosis in dogs usually has only one result for your pet; they are euthanized. This disease was very rare in dogs at one time as they have a natural resistance to both forms, but just like in humans, it is starting to resurface again as it has become antibiotic resistance in most cases. There is no current effective treatment for dogs, or is there? The very sad part about tuberculosis in dogs is that although it is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can be shared and transferred between humans and pets, in most of the recorded cases dogs caught the disease from people instead of people catching it from dogs. This disease has historically been one of the most feared infectious diseases in history...

The recent airplane flight of a Georgia man infected with tuberculosis has raised many new questions and concerns about the disease. The Center for Disease Control (cdc.gov) serves as a great resource for explanation of this disease. According to the CDC, tuberculosis, commonly referred to as "TB," is a disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium usually attacks the lungs but can also attack the kidney, spine and brain as well. If not treated properly, TB can be fatal. Those with active TB can spread the disease through the air by coughing or sneezing; however, not everyone infected with TB becomes visibly sick. Those infected with latent TB show no signs of illness...

Tuberculosis Treatment Tuberculosis, commonly referred to as TB, is an infection that affects the lungs and may also affect bones, joints, the circulatory system and central nervous system. This disease can be highly contagious if left untreated. In 1993, the World Health Organization declared TB to be a world health emergency because of the frequency of infection and the ease in which it spreads. It is estimated that nine billion new cases are reported each year. Symptoms of TB include chest pain, coughing, inability to breathe and pneumonia-like symptoms. However, it is also common to be infected and show no outward signs. Diagnosis of the disease will occur with a complete examination including...

The chief therapeutic agent needed for the treatment of tuberculosis is calcium. Milk is the richest food source for the supply of organic calcium to the body and should be taken liberally. In fact an exclusive milk diet is considered highly valuable in tuberculosis. However, a preparatory fast for three days, consisting of raw juices, preferably, orange juice, is essential before the milk diet is begun. The procedure is to take half a glass of orange juice diluted with an equal quantity of water every two hours from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. For the full milk diet, the patient should have a glass of milk every two hours from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. on the first day, followed by a glass and a half every hour on the...

Tuberculosis is an infection caused by the Koch bacillus, it primarily affects the lungs and it is contagious, healthy persons receiving the infection if living or working in the same place with the infected person. By coughing, the infected person spreads the germs into the air, and others inhale them. One way to diagnose TB is by performing a skin test called the intra-dermal reaction of tuberculin. The person that is suspected to be or to have been infected with TB is considered to have developed a hypersensitivity to the TB germ. The test consists in injecting into the skin a purified protein derived from the TB germ. After more then 48 hours the skin area will present a bump. If the bump is...

Vaccine against tuberculosis, known as Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) discovered by two French scientists, Albert Calmette and Camille Guerin in 1922, has got its own limitations, and its efficacy is highly variable. Still the vaccine is recommended for administration to all newborn to protect them against pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The newborn should not be denied this vaccination. If it is ignored, and the child is faced with a serious tuberculous infection, he may suffer from the active disease, before he develops the primary complex. However, if the infection is mild, a primary complex will develop in a natural way, and the BCG vaccination will be of no value, as the child has...

Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as tuberculosis infection that is resistant to Isoniazid and Rifampicin, the two most powerful first-line anti-TB drugs. MDR-TB usually results from missed doses, inappropriate therapy or incomplete TB treatment. Such patients need to be treated with at least five anti-TB drugs for at least 18-24 months. This second-line treatment is much costlier and has more side-effects. Extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is defined as tuberculosis infection that is resistant to the two main first-line anti-TB drugs and also to a few second-line drugs. This condition also arises due to inappropriate management of tuberculosis, and is treated on the...

e Therapy A significant advancement in the treatment of tuberculosis has taken place in recent years. The development of resistance to drugs is prevented by using two or more drugs. The long duration of treatment (1 to 2 years) has been shortened by the introduction of short course chemotherapy. The problem of poor compliance to drugs is minimised by the introduction of intermittent supervised therapy called DOTS (Directly Observed Treatment Short Course) under revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme. Three types of treatment regimens used are described below: Conventional Course Chemotherapy: This consists of streptomycin, INH and thiacetazone or ethambutol for 12-18 months. However since...

ercle bacillus or Mycobacteria tuberculosis causes tuberculosis, it can be found everywhere around us, tapwarer, grass, mud, hay, rubber tubing. Usualy they do not cause human infection, when they do there are other factors that influence and create proper conditions such as: poor ventilation, dusty atmosphere, poor and low protein diet, migration, overcrowding, grief. Tuberculosis affects especially people with uprooted families, with poor economic conditions and bad or hard working in inproper conditions,in shoddy accomodation. Tuberculosis was described among city builders and devastated Europe, during the era of mass production, slum cities and subsistence wages. Those who were infected with...

Because the cause of tuberculosis is obviously seated in the environment and social context of a person, a vaccine against it could not be very helpful. Some persons are protected against tuberculosis because they develop infections with other mycobacterias, this was observed in children who drank unpasteurised milk that developed forms of bovine tuberculosis but not the human type, for some people that is worse because they develop the mycobacterial disease of leprosy. The BCG vaccine is an attenuated form of the attenuated bacillus, after being inoculated the primary infection appears and in consequence the immunogenic (ability to cause an immune response) response. BCG induces also tuberculin...

  Over the past few years, diseases like tuberculosis have made a comeback, seemingly with more force behind them than ever before. Infection rates are slowly rising, and while they may not be much of a problem now, they could become virtually unstoppable once they hit the general public. This all comes down to the fact that the medications human civilization has used to fight the infections, antibiotics, might no longer work. As more and more microbes are exposed to these drugs, the higher the chances of even just one of them developing a resistance and spreading that resistance to other microbes. The looming possibility that this antibiotic resistance might spread further is a major concern, but...

Kidney disease caused by tuberculosis and it is caused by bacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). It is a disease that in general has an effect on the lungs but it can distress a lot of other body organs like the kidney. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease that is spread from person to person by way of the air. It is a disease that can be healed if dealt with appropriately. The tuberculosis bacterium is originally inhaled into the lungs where it can afterward extend to other organs. Symptoms might not progress for several years, even decades, after the preliminary infection. It is also called as nephrotuberculosis or tuberculosis of the kidney. Prevalence of kidney tuberculosis differs all over the...

Tuberculosis is a germ infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect kidneys, lymph nodes, spine, intestinal tract and brain. Tuberculosis is spreading by air, if an infected person coughs sneezes or shouts, the germs spreading into the air. By inhaling them other people get infected. After the discovery of the BCG vaccine and of the antibiotic treatment of TB, the number of TB cases declined in the early 1980's and experts thought that the disease would be eradicated by 2010. But between 1985 and 1991 more and more cases of TB were discovered in US. Since 1992, in US, the number of reported cases declined continuously and so, in 2004 there...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is the number one infections disease killer worldwide. The World Health Care Organization estimates that 2 billion people have latent TB, while another 3 million people worldwide die each year due to TB. On average, the isoniazid (INH) resistance rate is approximately 10% and the rifampin resistance rate is approximately 1%, with lower numbers in countries with good TB programs and higher numbers in the countries with poor TB programs. Pathophysiology: Humans are the only known reservoir for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei, which may contain fewer than 10 bacilli. Exposure to TB occurs by sharing common airspace with a patient...

In the elder people, tuberculosis (TB) is not easy to detect and diagnose because it does not manifest so clearly in these people, and doctors can easily be lead to suspect another disease. If there are some symptoms present, doctors tend to classify them as belonging to other diseases more specific to old people. The most frequent symptom found in TB is the cough that is present for a long time. At first, doctors think of pneumonia or flu, because they affect elders easily and have cough as a primarily symptom. If old patients lose weight and appetite, this could be a sign of a gum disease, a digestion disease, or cancer, or even of bad eating habits. But it also could be a sign of TB. TB can...