| What is Typhoid? | | | | The types are otherwise closely related. Salmonella |
| Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with | | | | bacteria are rod-shaped, flagellated, Gram |
| fever caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria. It can | | | | stain-negative and are known to cause disease in |
| also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi, a related | | | | humans, animals, and birds (especially poultry) |
| bacterium that usually causes a less severe illness. | | | | worldwide. |
| The bacteria are deposited in water or food by a | | | | S. typhi are spread by contaminated food, drink, or |
| human carrier and are then spread to other people in | | | | water. Following ingestion, the bacteria spread from |
| the area. | | | | the intestine via the bloodstream to the intestinal |
| Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by the | | | | lymph nodes, liver, and spleen via the blood where |
| bacterium Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica | | | | they multiply. |
| serotype typhi, which is acquired by ingestion of | | | | Salmonella may directly infect the gallbladder through |
| contaminated food and water. Each year the disease | | | | the hepatic duct or spread to other areas of the |
| affects at least 16 million persons world-wide, most | | | | body through the bloodstream. |
| of whom reside in the developing countries of | | | | Early symptoms are generalized and include fever, |
| Southeast Asia and Africa. In Italy the disease is | | | | malaise and abdominal pain. As the disease |
| uncommon with a greater number of cases in | | | | progresses, the fever becomes higher (greater than |
| Southern regions than in Northern ones. | | | | 103 degrees Fahrenheit), and diarrhea becomes |
| It is a common disease in the sub continent and | | | | prominent. Weakness, profound fatigue, delirium, and |
| affects all age groups. The poor hygiene conditions, | | | | an acutely ill appearance develop. |
| open sanitation habits, flies, sale of exposed food, | | | | A rash, characteristic only of typhoid and called "rose |
| and illiteracy is responsible for this disease. The | | | | spots," appears in some cases of typhoid. Rose |
| disease is transmitted from human to human via food | | | | spots are small (1/4 inch) red spots that appear most |
| or drinking water, and it is therefore mainly hygiene | | | | often on the abdomen and chest. Typically, children |
| and sanitary conditions that determine its spread. | | | | have milder disease and fewer complications than |
| Vaccines against typhoid fever are available, but | | | | adults. |
| they're only partially effective and are usually | | | | The bacteria that cause typhoid fever spread |
| reserved for people who may be exposed to the | | | | through contaminated food or water. |
| disease or are traveling to areas where typhoid fever | | | | Some other causes of typhoid: |
| is endemic. | | | | Typhoid fever can be caused in three main ways:if |
| What are main causes of Typhoid? | | | | contaminated sewage gets into the supply of drinking |
| Typhoid fever is caused by a virulent bacterium called | | | | water,if an infected person handles food without |
| Salmonella typhi. Although they're related, this isn't the | | | | washing their hands properly, andif bacteria is |
| same as the bacteria responsible for salmonellosis, | | | | transferred to food by flies feeding on infected |
| another serious intestinal infection. | | | | stools (faeces). |
| Salmonella | | | | Infection is the most common cause : |
| Salmonella (S.) is the genus name for a large number | | | | Viral (e.g., influenza, HIV, hepatitis, herpes simplex |
| (over 2,500) of types of bacteria. Each type is | | | | encephalitis, mononucleosis, adenovirus) |
| distinctly identifiable by its specific protein coating. | | | | Bacterial (e.g. |